EREditorial team · Updated 14 Oct 20268 min read40 providers compared20 sources
4 years look-back for back contributions4 years; up to 30 years if contributions were withheld intentionally
45% top income tax rate on a contractor's profit
2 legal forms a contractor works under
13 Contractor of Record providers we score
You can contract a self-employed person in Germany without an entity of your own, as long as the work is not done under your instructions and inside your organisation.
Short answer
Work under your instructions and inside your organisation counts as employment, whatever the contract calls it.
Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund decides the status on application by either party, free of charge, unless an insurer has already opened a procedure.
A contractor works as a Freiberufler or under a registered trade (Gewerbe): 2 legal forms, taxed differently.
Copyright in the work starts with the contractor; you get the types of use the contract names, or what its purpose covers.
On this page
Where the employee line runs in Germany
The line runs through how the work is done, not through the title of the contract or the fact that the person sends invoices. German law treats dependent work as employment, and names two indicators: work under instructions and integration into the instructing party’s work organisation [1]. Day-to-day direction from your managers and a fixed place in your team’s routine point to the employee side, whatever the agreement says.
The answer does not have to wait for an audit. Either party can apply to Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund for a status decision (Statusfeststellungsverfahren) [2]. What the procedure costs, how long it takes and what follows a finding of employment are in the test block below.
A second rule is easy to mix up with the first. Self-employed people who regularly employ no employee subject to compulsory insurance, and who work on a lasting basis mainly for a single client, have to pay into the state pension scheme [3]. That obligation sits with them and does not turn them into your employees. Their status still turns mainly on instructions and integration, which Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund weighs together with all the other circumstances of the case [2].
Setting up the contract and IP
Copyright in the work starts with the contractor, so what you receive depends on what the contract names. The creator of a work is its author [4]. The contractor grants you rights of use, and where the contract does not spell out the types of use, the purpose both sides based it on decides which uses are covered [5]. A contract that lists each use you need leaves less to that reading of its purpose. The IP block restates the default.
The contract does not settle status on its own. Even when the pension insurer decides before the work starts, it looks at how the contract is meant to be carried out as well as at the written terms [2].
The contractor works as a Freiberufler or under a registered trade, and the form changes how they are taxed. Both forms, income tax and the place-of-supply rule for services to businesses are in legal form and tax, and payment options are under how to pay. If the work cannot be kept on the self-employed side, the Employer of Record page covers the alternative.
Contractor or employee: the test in Germany
The test
Employment is dependent work; work under instructions and integration into the instructing party's work organisation are indicators of it, and the status is decided on an overall assessment of all the circumstances of the case.
Who decides
Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund decides on application by either party, unless the collection office or another insurer has already opened a procedure; its decision binds the other social insurers. The procedure is free and takes three months on average.
If it is employment
Unpaid social-security contributions are claimed back; withholding employee contributions is a criminal offence (up to five years or a fine). A self-employed person who regularly employs no employee subject to compulsory insurance and works long-term essentially for one client must pay into the state pension scheme.
Look-back for back contributions
4 years[1][2][6][7][8][3]4 years; up to 30 years if contributions were withheld intentionally
What mistakes cost
Germany: what hiring mistakes cost
Mistake
Who is liable
Cost
Withholding the employee's social-security contributions (§ 266a StGB)
Contributions claimed back after a worker is classed as an employee
Employer
Claims lapse four years after the end of the year they fell due; thirty years if intentionally withheld[7]
Legal form and tax
Freiberufler
A liberal profession under § 18 EStG (catalogue professions and comparable ones); may use trained staff and stays freiberuflich.[9]
Gewerbetreibender
A trade business, which must be registered with the trade office when it starts.[10]
Tax
Contractors pay progressive income tax on their profit (45% top rate from EUR 277,826). A Gewerbe also owes trade tax, with a EUR 24,500 allowance for natural persons and a 3.5% base rate.
VAT
Standard VAT rate 19%. Kleinunternehmer treatment applies if turnover was at most EUR 25,000 last year and stays at most EUR 100,000 this year. A service to a business is supplied where the recipient runs its business.[11][12][13][14][15]
Contract and IP
Who owns the work
The creator is the author; the contractor grants rights of use, and where the contract does not name the types of use, its purpose decides what is covered.[4][5]
How to pay a contractor in Germany
SEPA credit transfer
Euro-area banks must send instant transfers at no more than the price of a standard transfer since 9 October 2025.[16]
Contractor of Record providers
All 13 COR providers we score: those working in Germany first, then the rest, each by our COR score. Working in Germany: 9 (1 by their COR coverage list, the rest inferred from their EOR coverage). How we score
Companies from startups to enterprises, going by Multiplier's segment pages
Not for
Buyers who need the deposit amount before signing: Multiplier calculates it per contract
Top pro
Own SOC 2 (Type I and II), SOC 3 and ISO 27001:2022 on its security page; the AWS certifications listed there are kept apart as the host's
Top con
The "from" prices assume an annual contract. Monthly EOR costs $499 on Core and $559 on Growth, about 11% of countries are priced differently, and compliance-mandated add-ons come on top of EOR and COR
Startups, scaling companies and enterprises, the three groups Native Teams writes for
Not for
Buyers who want to read the EOR or COR agreement before talking to sales: the terms of service are the only contract text online
Top pro
EOR from $99 per employee a month, below all 20 other per-employee EOR prices in USD we compare
Top con
The terms of service are the only contract text online. The EOR and COR agreements are not published, and the terms say a separate signed contract takes precedence
Enterprise teams and small and growing businesses (SMEs), in RemotePass's own words
Not for
Buyers who must review EOR contract terms up front: no EOR agreement is public
Top pro
EOR from $349 per employee a month with tax included; 13 of 20 other EOR prices in dollars start higher
Top con
No EOR agreement is public: the Terms say EOR runs under a separate Consultant Agreement "available on the Site", which we did not find. The public legal documents are the Terms, the Privacy Policy and the Acceptable Use Policy
Companies paying contractors in many countries by bank, wallet, crypto or card
Not for
Companies that need to employ staff abroad: the help centre says Ontop no longer provides EOR directly
Top pro
COR at $49 per contractor a month with no setup fee: the 8 other per-contractor-month COR list prices on this site are all higher
Top con
The $49 COR card and the terms disagree: the card describes direct hiring with your own agreements, the T&Cs and help centre describe Ontop as the contracting party that invoices in its own name
Teams under 50 people, the size Garna's small-business page names
Not for
Buyers who require SOC 2 or ISO 27001 to be named
Top pro
EOR from $200 per employee a month, under 14 of the 20 other dollar EOR starting prices on this site; Garna says there are no hidden fees or FX markups
Top con
No published client price for Contractor of Record, contractor payouts or contractor management; the contractor commission is called small and no percentage is given
All 5 AOR providers we score: those working in Germany first, then the rest, each by our AOR score. Working in Germany: 3 (1 by their AOR coverage list, the rest inferred from their EOR coverage). How we score
Enterprise-level companies, the audience Atlas's enterprise page names
Not for
Buyers who need a Contractor of Record: under Atlas's AOR the contract stays between the client and each contractor
Top pro
EOR in 141 countries + 5 territories documented here, against a claim of 160+ with wholly owned entities
Top con
At $599 per employee monthly, the EOR price is above 15 of the 20 other USD EOR prices we compare and equal to 4; local employer services, FX and benefits premiums are billed on top
Crypto and web3 teams paying contractors in stablecoins or crypto, a segment Rise names (startups, web3 startups, DAOs, global agencies)
Not for
Companies that need an EOR in countries beyond the US and the UK today
Top pro
Prices are published per head: $49 a contractor a month (discounts for startups and non-profits), $299 for Agent of Record, $399 an employee for EOR
Top con
EOR is documented in 2 countries (US, UK) against a claim of 90+. The parent, Rise Works, Inc., is on the GLEIF register; no own entity is documented in either country
Marketplaces, platforms and enterprises that pay many recipients regularly, in Payoneer's own words
Not for
Buyers who need the service agreement or fee schedule before they sign up
Top pro
Published "Starts at" prices: EOR $199 per employee a month, AOR $99 and contractor management $19 per contractor a month
Top con
No mass-payout price: the page says fees are shown before a payment is confirmed, and the general pricing page lists account fees such as 1.2% to 4% on bank withdrawals
All 32 contractor management providers we score: those working in Germany first, then the rest, each by our contractor management score. Working in Germany: 18 (6 by their contractor management coverage list, the rest inferred from their EOR coverage). How we score
Companies from startups to enterprises: Playroll has pages for each, and its case studies include startups under 100 staff and mid-market firms of 100 to 1,000
Not for
Contractors who want to be paid other than through Payoneer, the only payout route Playroll uses
Top pro
Its own country pages document EOR hiring in 151 countries + 6 territories, against a claim of 180+
Top con
A refundable deposit of one month's salary per EOR employee; the unused part comes back within two months of the last working day, or once claims are settled if that is later
Startups, growing companies and enterprises, the three segments Pebl writes a page for
Not for
Buyers who need a Contractor of Record: we list Pebl for contractor management, not COR
Top pro
Own SOC 2 Type 2 report and ISO/IEC 27001:2022 certificate, both on Pebl's security page
Top con
No live support channel named: Pebl lists its Alfie AI assistant, in-house experts and a Help Center; its pages say 24/7 support and do not say who answers
A first hire in one new country or a team spread over many, at a startup, mid-market firm or enterprise (G-P has a page for each)
Not for
Buyers who rank EOR providers mostly by the monthly fee
Top pro
G-P claims EOR in 180+ countries; its Globalpedia country guides document 148 countries + 3 territories one by one
Top con
EOR from $599 per employee a month; 15 of 20 other EOR prices in US dollars that we compare start lower; volume discounts are offered but not quantified
Startups, scaling companies and enterprises, the three groups Native Teams writes for
Not for
Buyers who want to read the EOR or COR agreement before talking to sales: the terms of service are the only contract text online
Top pro
EOR from $99 per employee a month, below all 20 other per-employee EOR prices in USD we compare
Top con
The terms of service are the only contract text online. The EOR and COR agreements are not published, and the terms say a separate signed contract takes precedence
Enterprise teams and small and growing businesses (SMEs), in RemotePass's own words
Not for
Buyers who must review EOR contract terms up front: no EOR agreement is public
Top pro
EOR from $349 per employee a month with tax included; 13 of 20 other EOR prices in dollars start higher
Top con
No EOR agreement is public: the Terms say EOR runs under a separate Consultant Agreement "available on the Site", which we did not find. The public legal documents are the Terms, the Privacy Policy and the Acceptable Use Policy
Small businesses, including teams under 10 employees, startups and enterprises: the segments Rippling has pages for
Not for
Buyers who want to compare an EOR price before a sales call
Top pro
Contractor onboarding in 185+ countries and payments in 50+ local currencies, per its contractor page; 160 countries + 2 territories are documented here
Top con
No price for EOR, contractor management or global payroll: the pricing page asks for a custom quote
Companies from startups to enterprises, going by Multiplier's segment pages
Not for
Buyers who need the deposit amount before signing: Multiplier calculates it per contract
Top pro
Own SOC 2 (Type I and II), SOC 3 and ISO 27001:2022 on its security page; the AWS certifications listed there are kept apart as the host's
Top con
The "from" prices assume an annual contract. Monthly EOR costs $499 on Core and $559 on Growth, about 11% of countries are priced differently, and compliance-mandated add-ons come on top of EOR and COR
6.9Our score 6.9 of 10Our contractor management score
Contractor management price from
US$49per contractor a month
Contractor management countries150 claimed
ServicesPayouts · Contractors · COR
Best for
Companies paying contractors in many countries by bank, wallet, crypto or card
Not for
Companies that need to employ staff abroad: the help centre says Ontop no longer provides EOR directly
Top pro
COR at $49 per contractor a month with no setup fee: the 8 other per-contractor-month COR list prices on this site are all higher
Top con
The $49 COR card and the terms disagree: the card describes direct hiring with your own agreements, the T&Cs and help centre describe Ontop as the contracting party that invoices in its own name
6.8Our score 6.8 of 10Limited dataOur contractor management score
Contractor management price from
US$19per contractor a month
Contractor management countries160 claimed
ServicesPayouts · Contractors · AOR · EOR
Best for
Marketplaces, platforms and enterprises that pay many recipients regularly, in Payoneer's own words
Not for
Buyers who need the service agreement or fee schedule before they sign up
Top pro
Published "Starts at" prices: EOR $199 per employee a month, AOR $99 and contractor management $19 per contractor a month
Top con
No mass-payout price: the page says fees are shown before a payment is confirmed, and the general pricing page lists account fees such as 1.2% to 4% on bank withdrawals
6.0Our score 6.0 of 10Limited dataOur contractor management score
Contractor management price from
3%of each payout
ServicesPayouts · Contractors
Best for
Companies that pay freelancers and contractors abroad and want one contract with one billing entity (Payroll)
Not for
Buyers whose security review needs a named SOC 2, ISO 27001 or similar certification
Top pro
Payroll publishes its fees: 39 EUR / 42 USD per withdrawal on the tariff new accounts start on, or 5%, 4% or 3% of payouts by monthly turnover (3% above 100,000 EUR/USD a month)
Crypto and web3 teams paying contractors in stablecoins or crypto, a segment Rise names (startups, web3 startups, DAOs, global agencies)
Not for
Companies that need an EOR in countries beyond the US and the UK today
Top pro
Prices are published per head: $49 a contractor a month (discounts for startups and non-profits), $299 for Agent of Record, $399 an employee for EOR
Top con
EOR is documented in 2 countries (US, UK) against a claim of 90+. The parent, Rise Works, Inc., is on the GLEIF register; no own entity is documented in either country
5.3Our score 5.3 of 10Limited dataOur contractor management score
Contractor management price from
3%of each payout
ServicesEOR · Payouts · Contractors · Payroll
Best for
Startups, SMBs, agencies and enterprises: the segments Remozo names for its contractor product
Not for
Buyers whose security review asks for SOC 2 or ISO 27001 held by Remozo itself
Top pro
Contractor payouts claimed in 190+ countries; 98 are listed one by one in Remozo's help centre
Top con
Contractor plan from 3% per payout: for contractor payouts, 2 of the 6 other percentage prices we compare are lower and 1 the same. The contractor page says from 1.5%, which we do not score
4.9Our score 4.9 of 10Limited dataOur contractor management score
Contractor management price
Custom quote
ServicesEOR · COR · Payouts · Contractors
Best for
Teams under 50 people, the size Garna's small-business page names
Not for
Buyers who require SOC 2 or ISO 27001 to be named
Top pro
EOR from $200 per employee a month, under 14 of the 20 other dollar EOR starting prices on this site; Garna says there are no hidden fees or FX markups
Top con
No published client price for Contractor of Record, contractor payouts or contractor management; the contractor commission is called small and no percentage is given
4.5Our score 4.5 of 10Limited dataOur contractor management score
Contractor management price
Custom quote
ServicesPayouts · Contractors
Best for
Companies that pay many contractors and want a single agreement instead of one per person
Not for
Buyers who need a price before they talk to sales
Top pro
One agreement covers any number of contractors; Restaff signs the individual contracts
Top con
No client price: the fee is the formula T = Sa / K with K shown only in the client's account, Restaff can change K after notifying the client (Terms 10.2), and the invoice is paid in advance
All 24 contractor payouts providers we score: those working in Germany first, then the rest, each by our contractor payouts score. Working in Germany: 9 (6 by their contractor payouts coverage list, the rest inferred from their EOR coverage). How we score
Companies paying contractors in many countries by bank, wallet, crypto or card
Not for
Companies that need to employ staff abroad: the help centre says Ontop no longer provides EOR directly
Top pro
COR at $49 per contractor a month with no setup fee: the 8 other per-contractor-month COR list prices on this site are all higher
Top con
The $49 COR card and the terms disagree: the card describes direct hiring with your own agreements, the T&Cs and help centre describe Ontop as the contracting party that invoices in its own name
Startups, SMBs, agencies and enterprises: the segments Remozo names for its contractor product
Not for
Buyers whose security review asks for SOC 2 or ISO 27001 held by Remozo itself
Top pro
Contractor payouts claimed in 190+ countries; 98 are listed one by one in Remozo's help centre
Top con
Contractor plan from 3% per payout: for contractor payouts, 2 of the 6 other percentage prices we compare are lower and 1 the same. The contractor page says from 1.5%, which we do not score
Enterprise teams and small and growing businesses (SMEs), in RemotePass's own words
Not for
Buyers who must review EOR contract terms up front: no EOR agreement is public
Top pro
EOR from $349 per employee a month with tax included; 13 of 20 other EOR prices in dollars start higher
Top con
No EOR agreement is public: the Terms say EOR runs under a separate Consultant Agreement "available on the Site", which we did not find. The public legal documents are the Terms, the Privacy Policy and the Acceptable Use Policy
Startups, scaling companies and enterprises, the three groups Native Teams writes for
Not for
Buyers who want to read the EOR or COR agreement before talking to sales: the terms of service are the only contract text online
Top pro
EOR from $99 per employee a month, below all 20 other per-employee EOR prices in USD we compare
Top con
The terms of service are the only contract text online. The EOR and COR agreements are not published, and the terms say a separate signed contract takes precedence
Crypto and web3 teams paying contractors in stablecoins or crypto, a segment Rise names (startups, web3 startups, DAOs, global agencies)
Not for
Companies that need an EOR in countries beyond the US and the UK today
Top pro
Prices are published per head: $49 a contractor a month (discounts for startups and non-profits), $299 for Agent of Record, $399 an employee for EOR
Top con
EOR is documented in 2 countries (US, UK) against a claim of 90+. The parent, Rise Works, Inc., is on the GLEIF register; no own entity is documented in either country
6.4Our score 6.4 of 10Our contractor payouts score
Contractor payouts price from
0.25%of each payout
Contractor payouts countries46 claimed
Minimum termNone
ServicesPayouts
Best for
Platforms and marketplaces that pay sellers, freelancers, creators or service providers, as Stripe describes its customers
Not for
Companies that want a provider to run contractor onboarding, contracts or closing documents: Stripe's pages describe a payment flow, not those
Top pro
Fee schedule published: 0.25% + 25¢ per payout and $2 per monthly active account, plus 0.25% of payout volume for funds routing and platform management where it applies, Instant Payouts at 1% and cross-border payouts from 0.25% of payout volume
Top con
No country list for Connect payouts. The Connect page says Connect Onboarding supports 46+ countries and does not tie that to payouts; we document none
6.1Our score 6.1 of 10Limited dataOur contractor payouts score
Contractor payouts price from
US$42per payout
ServicesPayouts · Contractors
Best for
Companies that pay freelancers and contractors abroad and want one contract with one billing entity (Payroll)
Not for
Buyers whose security review needs a named SOC 2, ISO 27001 or similar certification
Top pro
Payroll publishes its fees: 39 EUR / 42 USD per withdrawal on the tariff new accounts start on, or 5%, 4% or 3% of payouts by monthly turnover (3% above 100,000 EUR/USD a month)
5.8Our score 5.8 of 10Limited dataOur contractor payouts score
Contractor payouts price
Custom quote
Contractor payouts countries200 claimed
ServicesPayouts
Best for
Enterprises and marketplaces paying large numbers of people in many countries (royalties, insurance claims, airline reimbursements, clinical trials, prizes and rewards)
Not for
Companies that want to see a price before contacting sales
Top pro
Own SOC 1, SOC 2, ISO 27001 and PCI DSS Level 1, stated on hyperwallet.com/security-compliance; the SOC 2 type, report and certifier are not shown
Top con
No price: buyers are sent to a Solutions Expert, and no setup fee, deposit or minimum term is stated either
5.8Our score 5.8 of 10Limited dataOur contractor payouts score
Contractor payouts price
Custom quote
Contractor payouts countries190 claimed
ServicesPayouts · Contractors · AOR · EOR
Best for
Marketplaces, platforms and enterprises that pay many recipients regularly, in Payoneer's own words
Not for
Buyers who need the service agreement or fee schedule before they sign up
Top pro
Published "Starts at" prices: EOR $199 per employee a month, AOR $99 and contractor management $19 per contractor a month
Top con
No mass-payout price: the page says fees are shown before a payment is confirmed, and the general pricing page lists account fees such as 1.2% to 4% on bank withdrawals
5.0Our score 5.0 of 10Limited dataOur contractor payouts score
Contractor payouts price
Custom quote
Contractor payouts countries150 claimed
ServicesEOR · COR · Payouts · Contractors
Best for
Teams under 50 people, the size Garna's small-business page names
Not for
Buyers who require SOC 2 or ISO 27001 to be named
Top pro
EOR from $200 per employee a month, under 14 of the 20 other dollar EOR starting prices on this site; Garna says there are no hidden fees or FX markups
Top con
No published client price for Contractor of Record, contractor payouts or contractor management; the contractor commission is called small and no percentage is given
4.9Our score 4.9 of 10Limited dataOur contractor payouts score
Contractor payouts price
Custom quote
Contractor payouts countries190 claimed
ServicesPayouts · Contractors
Best for
Companies that pay many contractors and want a single agreement instead of one per person
Not for
Buyers who need a price before they talk to sales
Top pro
One agreement covers any number of contractors; Restaff signs the individual contracts
Top con
No client price: the fee is the formula T = Sa / K with K shown only in the client's account, Restaff can change K after notifying the client (Terms 10.2), and the invoice is paid in advance
Who decides whether a contractor in Germany is an employee?
Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund, on application by the contractor or the client, unless the collection office or another insurer has already opened a procedure. The procedure is free, takes three months on average, and the decision binds the other social insurers.
How far back can unpaid contributions be claimed?
4 years after the end of the year the contributions fell due, or thirty years if they were withheld intentionally.
Does a contractor with only one client become an employee in Germany?
No. Someone self-employed who regularly employs no employee subject to compulsory insurance and works lastingly and mainly for a single client has to contribute to the state pension scheme, but that duty does not make them an employee. Status still turns mainly on instructions and integration.
Who owns the work a contractor creates in Germany?
The contractor, as its creator. You receive the rights of use the contract grants.
What does a Contractor of Record do in Germany?
It becomes the contracting party with the contractor and reduces reclassification risk. The status test still turns on the day-to-day working relationship.
Works in Germanya
